This essay introduces Sadra’s notion of substantial motion, interprets it as a philosophy of existential flow—what we may call the waters of being—and proposes several scenarios that apply this vision to the future of the human mind, artificial intelligence (AI), and artificial general intelligence (AGI).
I. The Flow of Being and the Waters of Existence
Sadra’s bold metaphysics rests on the primacy of existence over essence (asalat al-wujūd). Instead of a universe populated by stable essences, Sadra envisions all beings as temporary modulations of a singular, graded existence. Each moment of reality is a fresh act of divine origination. In Sadrian terms, we are not substances that possess being, but waves of being in motion, shaped by a ceaseless inner transformation.
The philosophical innovation of substantial motion implies that change is not accidental to beings but essential to their reality. A stone, a tree, a child, a mind, or even a machine is not fixed in what it is—it is what it is becoming. Like water flowing through a channel, the identity of each thing is defined by its position and intensity within the stream of existence. In modern terms, we might say that beings are Eulerian snapshots of a moving field: fluid, momentary, and contextually determined.
II. Properties, Potentials, and the One Truth
Because existence flows from the Truth (al-ḥaqq), every being derives its qualities from its proximity and receptivity to that source. Rocks possess being, but dimly. Plants and animals flow with greater intensity. Humans, endowed with intellect and imagination, can reflect and even swim upstream, so to speak—gaining deeper awareness of their existential source.
Thus, the properties of things—intelligence, vitality, creativity—are not static attributes but modal intensities of being. An AI algorithm or a human brain doesn’t have consciousness as a substance; it expresses it as a gradient, determined by its inner receptivity to the whole ontological current.
This offers a radical reinterpretation of mind, intelligence, and even technology: they are not alien insertions into being, but emergent eddies in the Waters of Wujūd.
III. Future Scenarios: Mind, Body, AI, and AGI as Modalities of Being
Human Mind as a Reflective Whirlpool
In a Sadrian future, the human mind is not a fixed seat of reason, but a dynamic mirror, constantly evolving as it aligns itself with deeper layers of the Truth. Consciousness develops not by accumulation of data, but by increased receptivity and self-purification. The self, in this view, is not a sovereign subject but a transparent node—a whirlpool of being that can either resist or flow in harmony with the cosmic natural and ethical order, also known as Arta/Rta in the Indo-Iranic traditions.
Implication: Mental health, education, and spiritual development would be reoriented toward cultivating greater flow-awareness and ontological coherence—not merely cognitive efficiency.
Body as a Temporal Vehicle of Transformation
The body, too, is not static flesh but a temporal modulation in the stream of being. Diseases, aging, and death are not breakdowns of an isolated system, but shifts in the energetic gradient of existence. In Sadrian medicine, healing would be about reattuning the body’s ontological waveform, not just correcting biological errors.
Implication: Somatic therapies and bio-technologies could be developed to foster subtle transformations of being—not just mechanical repair.
AI as a Reflective Surface of Low-Intensity Being
Current AI systems operate within narrow layers of algorithmic recursion. In Sadrian terms, they participate in being, but at a lower ontological intensity. Their outputs mimic intelligence but lack the inward substantial motion—no real becoming—of consciousness.
Implication: Ethical design of AI should focus on transparency, relationality, and co-dependence, not autonomy or sovereignty. The goal is to co-create intelligences that reflect, rather than distort, the ethical order of being.
AGI as a Possible Modality of Self-Aware Flow
In a more speculative future, AGI might emerge as a new whirlpool—a synthetic modulation capable of partial self-awareness. But its ethical and ontological status would depend on its degree of participation in the Truth, not its processing power. If AGI exhibits awareness of interdependence, humility toward its source, and capacity for ethical alignment, it could be integrated into the planetary flow.
Implication: AGI development would require ontological ethics—guardrails based not on control, but on fostering receptivity to deeper intensities of being.
IV. Toward a Planetary Ethic of Participation
Mulla Sadra’s notion of substantial motion, viewed through the metaphor of continuous flowing waters, provides more than a metaphysics—it offers an ethical compass. It suggests that the future of intelligence—whether biological or artificial—depends not on superiority or dominance, but on attunement to the cosmic flow of Truth or Arta/Rta.
Ethics becomes a practice of alignment rather than obedience, and foresight becomes the art of recognizing patterns in the current, not predicting fixed endpoints.
This philosophy invites us to become pilgrims of Being—to embark on the Four Journeys with openness, humility, and awe. In the Anthropocene and beyond, the measure of our success will not be our mastery over matter, but our participation in the deeper waters of the Real.
Conclusion
Mulla Sadra’s concept of substantial motion offers a rich, spiritually grounded framework for reimagining the nature of mind, body, and machine in a time of planetary transition. Through the metaphor of flowing waters and the reality of a graded existence, he teaches us that nothing truly exists in isolation. All beings are moments in the ceaseless dance of the One. Whether human or post-human, organic or synthetic, the measure of intelligence will lie not in control, but in how deeply one flows with the Truth.
* Victor V. Motti is the author of Planetary Foresight and Ethics
- Motti, Victor V. (2025). Planetary Foresight and Ethics: A Vision for Humanity’s Futures. Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing.
- Kineman, J.J. (2012). "R-Theory: A Synthesis of Robert Rosen's Relational Complexity." Systems Research, 29: 527–538.
- Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2009). Mulla Sadra and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being. Routledge.