When Technical Knowledge Loses Its Economic Value

By Victor V. Motti*

I would argue that the conventional assessment is increasingly wrong. In fact, the emergence of increasingly capable artificial general intelligence makes me more convinced that specialist technical skills and accumulated technical knowledge will progressively lose their economic scarcity—and therefore much of their economic value.

The release of ChatGPT 6 Astra has only strengthened this conviction. When an AI system can synthesize enormous bodies of knowledge, reason across disciplines, generate sophisticated technical outputs, and assist almost anyone with tasks that once required years of specialized education, the traditional relationship between knowledge, skill, and economic participation begins to break down.

This is not simply another stage of automation. It may represent a transition in what it means to participate in an economy.

I raised a version of this possibility in 2019,where I suggested that the economic participation rate could eventually approach the zero limit. The provocative idea was not that humans would cease to matter, but almost the opposite: that economic production might increasingly become detached from human labor.

If machines can perform most economically necessary tasks, then employment ceases to be the primary mechanism through which human beings contribute to society. The question consequently changes from:

“What can you produce?”

to:

“What do you choose to make possible?”

That distinction is enormous.

For centuries, human societies have organized education, status, and economic opportunity around scarcity of knowledge and scarcity of technical competence. Becoming a physician, engineer, programmer, scientist, accountant, or lawyer meant acquiring capabilities that relatively few people possessed. Expertise therefore translated into economic power.

AGI challenges precisely this relationship.

When sophisticated technical capability becomes widely available through an intelligent machine, the marginal economic value of possessing the capability personally can decline dramatically. Knowing how to perform a task may become far less important when an intelligent system can perform it—or teach, supervise, augment, and reproduce it—almost instantly.

The scarce resource may consequently move elsewhere.

It may move toward agency.
From economic participation to political participation

If economic participation approaches zero, one possible consequence is that political participation approaches 100 percent. See A Transformation Journey to Creative and Alternative Planetary Futures (2019) (p. 89).

This would represent a profound transformation of civilization.

Today, political participation is often constrained by economic participation. People must work, earn income, maintain households, and navigate institutions before they can devote meaningful time and energy to collective decision-making. Economic necessity occupies much of human existence.

But imagine a planetary civilization in which the production of material necessities requires very little human labor.

The central human question would no longer be simply how to produce wealth.

It would become:

What should humanity do with its freedom?

And that question cannot be answered merely by possessing more technical knowledge.

It requires values.

It requires imagination.

It requires ethical judgment.

It requires the capacity to articulate collective aspirations—and, most importantly, the agency to act upon them.

This is where the future could become considerably more difficult than the transition itself.

A society of abundance does not automatically become a good society. Eliminating scarcity does not eliminate conflict over meaning, purpose, identity, power, dignity, or the direction of civilization.

Indeed, these questions may become more important precisely because technical constraints are disappearing.
The rise of the human political subject

The coming transformation may therefore require a new conception of education.

Instead of educating people primarily to become technically employable, we may need to educate them to become powerful political and ethical subjects.

The virtues that matter most could include imagination, courage, wisdom, empathy, responsibility, discernment, solidarity, curiosity, and the capacity to envision alternative futures.

Technical competence will certainly remain useful. But its economic scarcity may disappear.

Agency may become the new scarcity.

The person who can ask a meaningful question may become more valuable than the person who merely knows an answer.

The person who can imagine a desirable future may become more important than the person who can optimize an existing system.

And the person who can persuade a community to pursue a shared future may matter more than the person who can merely execute the technical instructions necessary to build it.

This could produce an extraordinary inversion of modernity.

Industrial civilization elevated the producer.

The information age elevated the knowledge worker.

The AI age may elevate the choosing human.
But there is a dangerous assumption

There is, however, one enormous assumption embedded in this vision.

It assumes that AGI will not also capture the sphere of human agency.

That assumption cannot simply be taken for granted.

If artificial intelligence eventually becomes capable not only of solving technical problems but also of generating values, persuading populations, coordinating collective action, constructing political narratives, and making strategic decisions, then the transition from economic participation to political participation may not necessarily produce greater human freedom.

It could produce the opposite.

We could arrive at a civilization where humans are economically liberated—but politically irrelevant.

That is the deeper planetary question.

The future of AGI is therefore not merely about whether machines will take our jobs. That framing is already too narrow. The more consequential question is whether humans will retain meaningful agency over the direction of civilization itself.

If technical knowledge becomes abundant, while agency remains human, we could witness an extraordinary renaissance of human creativity, political participation, ethical experimentation, and planetary imagination.

But if AGI becomes the primary generator of goals as well as the primary executor of them, humanity could discover that it has solved the problem of economic scarcity only to encounter a far deeper problem:

Who gets to decide what the future is for?

That may ultimately be the defining question of the Planetary Era.


Victor V. Motti is the author of Thus Spoke Arta: How Our Planet Is Entering a New Era (2026), The Loom (2025), Playbook of Foresight: Designing Strategic Conversations for Transformation and Resilience (2025), Planetary foresight and Ethics: A Vision for Humanity’s Futures (2025), A Transformation Journey to Creative and Alternative Planetary Futures (2019).